"The great object of my fear is the federal judiciary."
That's Thomas Jefferson - sounding the alarm over what he saw as the greatest threat to the Constitution and your liberty.
He gave us four main warnings:
Consolidation is death to freedom.
Judges can be just as corrupt and power-hungry as any politician.
The courts are the engine of consolidation.
And the final disaster - judicial supremacy turning the "land of the free" into an oligarchy ruled by black robes.
THE FOUNDATION OF TYRANNY
Thomas Jefferson understood that the root of every tyranny is the same - centralized power destroys liberty. Guaranteed.
That's exactly how he put it in a letter to Joseph C. Cabell:
"What has destroyed liberty and the rights of man in every government which has ever existed under the sun? the generalising & concentrating all cares and powers into one body"
The bigger the country, the worse it gets. Consolidated power over a large territory will always "invite the public agents to corruption, plunder & waste."
That's the iron law: centralize power, and you get oppression. Every. Single. Time.
And that’s exactly what he told James Madison:
"I own I am not a friend to a very energetic government. It is always oppressive."
JUDGES ARE JUST PEOPLE
And the courts? They won't save you. They're part of the system.
Judges aren't a special breed. They're just like politicians - people chasing power, or staying loyal to a party. Or both.
"Our judges are as honest as other men, and not more so. they have, with others, the same passions for party, for power, and the privileges of their corps."
This is really just based on an understanding of human nature. Many of the thinkers Jefferson read and learned from gave the same kind of warning about power. Like Thomas Gordon, writing in Cato's Letters No. 47:
"Men, who in private life were just, modest, and good, have been observed, upon their elevation into high places, to have left all their virtuous and beneficent qualities behind them, and to have acted afterwards upon a new spirit, of arrogance, injustice, and oppression."
Jefferson spelled it out - this is why jury nullification is so essential.
"it is better to leave a cause to the decision of cross and pile, than to that of a judge biassed to one side; and that the opinion of 12 honest jurymen gives still a better hope of right, than cross and pile does. It is left therefore to the juries, if they think the permanent judges are under any biass whatever in any cause, to take upon themselves to judge the law as well as the fact."
And he was clear: Jury nullification doesn't just check the power of judges - it checks ALL government power. As he put it in a letter to Thomas Paine, it’s one of the most important tools we have:
“The only anchor, ever yet imagined by man, by which a government can be held to the principles of its constitution”
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